Character Analysis on Nunnally Johnson in The Grape of Wrath

The Grape of Wrath is one of the best known representations of the depression and the things that people went through. It focuses on the Joad family, a small family that is forced out of their home. Because of the large family they have with them, they have to head west in hopes of finding jobs. After a long difficult journey, the finally reach California after finding a bill looking for workers. They go through many different trials while the men try to find jobs, and the son, Tom Joad is haunted by the past he thought that he left behind. All of the characters are very well developed and they all have pros and cons. The best character in Grapes of Wrath, by Nunnally Johnson, is Ma Joad because she is strong, kind, and determined. Ma Joad is the best character in Grapes, by Johnson, because she is strong. The scene that Ma shows most how strong she is is when she and Tom say goodbye. Tom has to leave because his past is haunting him and he is terrified of getting his family in troub le or hurt. The night he leaves, he tries to sneak out without saying goodbye to anyone, but he accidentally wakes up Ma. They go outside and talk. Ma is crying and hugging him but admits that she always knew that he would have to leave. Tom and Ma are really close through the whole movie, so it is one of the hardest things ever for her to just let him leave. She shows her strength by letting him go because she knows that it is the best thing for him and the family. She understands that having

The Medias Influence on Adolescent Women - 1392 Words

Every day adolescent women are being influenced and affected by the media. The media includes anything from magazines, television shows, billboards, radio advertisements, commercials, newspapers and more. Through the media, women are being exposed to all forms of advertisements, including images that display misleading figures of women. These advertisements do not feature women with large hips, wide shoulders, lengthy arms or fuller figures. Instead, the women found on the front pages of magazines and advertisements are usually cookie-cutter cropped and photo shopped models with thigh gaps, perfect curves, high cheek bones and all the features of a deceivingly perfect looking woman. The media neglects to show the average woman, who comes†¦show more content†¦This study also found that 3 out of 100 females are bulimic and 1 out of 100 females is anorexic. Another study on the negative effects of body dissatisfaction was completed in 2013 by Quick and Bryd-Bredbenner, which involved College students in the United States of America. They found that 25% of women engaged in dietary limitations, 1 out of 7 regularly engage in bing eating and one third use certain behaviors, such as intentional vomiting, over exercising or mistreatment of medicine, to offset the effects of eating and to control weight. This verifies that the media is influencing a large number of women negatively, resulting in harmful actions both mentally and physically. These behaviors commonly emerge when young women are transitioning between different phases in life. Other health risks include eating practices such as restraint, emotional eating, night eating, extreme dieting and more. When women partake in these practices, they often do not reach the recommended daily intake of certain nutrients such as folic acid, calcium, potassium, fiber and iron (Quick Bryd-Bredbenner, 2013). Failing to meet the daily-recommended dosage of these nutrients can cause more serious illness and long-t erm health problems for these young women. In general, women commonly overestimate the size of their bodies (Birttchnell, Dolan, Lacy, 1987), however women affected by anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa overestimate their body weight to excessive degree. This can cause anShow MoreRelatedA Culture Of Perfection : Media s Influence On Adolescents1362 Words   |  6 PagesCulture of Perfection: Media’s Influence on Adolescents Comparison. It is one of the most dangerous and detrimental habits within our society. We fall into a routine of â€Å"self-checking† ourselves against others; mentally taking notes of what we can improve and what we are doing better. We all know that comparison often takes its’ toll on our confidence and self-worth; what we may not realize, however, is how early these destructive habits begin and why. The media’s influence is everywhere and its’Read MoreTeenage Girls and Body Image Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesteenagers get a lot of influence from the media’s message. The problem with this is the media has a specific way of doing things and can be negative to a susceptible teenage girl. Media’s way of portraying a woman can be skewed and unrealistic way from what reality is. Teenage girls then have a desire for this look or way. In this essay the three ways I will describe as to why the media can negatively affect a teenage girls body im age is by showing unrealistic bodies and women, women whose bodies are desirableRead MoreEssay about The Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies 1725 Words   |  7 PagesThe Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies The stringent standard Barbie-doll proportions of body image and what is considered beautiful in today’s media has resulted in devastating effects on adolescent women. The images displayed of women who have long beautiful legs, thin waist lines and smooth flawless skin are very hard to ignore. Throughout history the female body has been on display as a selling tool to coerce people into buying that new fancy car or the latest new appliance that can makeRead More Enjoyment of Being a Girl: Overcoming Industry Standards Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesthat you felt depressed? Many women in today’s world experience these same feelings each time they come in contact with some type of media. The media has always used women as a way to sell products or used them as propaganda, but how far is too far? The media is a large source of entertainment for women of today. Women spend the majority of their time looking at magazines for latest fashions or trends. These media sources al l share one subject: negative images of women. These places all share one thing;Read More The Medias Influence on Eating Disorders Essay example1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Medias Influence on Eating Disorders The National Eating Disorders Association states that eating disorders are conditions that arise from factors including physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social issues. Media images help define cultural definitions of beauty and attractiveness and are often acknowledged as one of the factors that contribute to the rise of eating disorders (NEDA). The National Eating Disorders Associations website, The Effect of the Media on Body SatisfactionRead MoreWomen and adolescent girls are exposed, daily, to the medias portrayal of perfect beauty. Being1600 Words   |  7 PagesWomen and adolescent girls are exposed, daily, to the medias portrayal of perfect beauty. Being bombarded with images of beautiful women with perfect figures and porcelain skin has had an effect on the way women and young girls portray their own bodies. This, in return, causes a drive for thinness which, ultimately, can ignite feelings of dissatisfaction which can cause eating disorders and poor health dec isions. This epidemic has captivated many women and adolescents as they go to tremendous lengthsRead MoreMedia s Influence On Body Image1697 Words   |  7 Pagesof the negative outcomes that could change society forever? The notions represented by the media silently incline girls to conform to an ideal that is impossible to reach. Due to their malleable brains, adolescent females are subjected to the image of a perfect body through media’s adverse influence of what a quintessential girl is supposed to look like and the permanent impact it has on a girl’s life. The definition of body image stems from a subjective picture of one’s own physical appearanceRead MoreThe Effects of Modern Body Image1380 Words   |  6 Pagesreality since the individual sees parts of their body in a distorted view. He or she feels like their looks do not measure up to the standards of society, loved ones and the media (2012). Grogan (1999) acknowledges that the idealization of slimness in women only became a trend starting from the 1920s. It is the outcome of successful marketing by fashion industries and has long been the standard of beauty in the 20th century. He also comments that the exaggerated hourglass shape of 36-23-36 as bust, waistRead MoreSocial Media has Unhealthy Effect on Young Women647 Words   |  3 Pagesover excessive forms of media. Adolescents spend a typical day of about 7.5 hours or more on some sort of media. (Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders1) Although men are affected by the downfall of media usage, young women bea r the cross. Not only do women have to face the expectations of perfection, but also the discrimination from themselves and others. Media usage has become an everyday part of life; however, it has an unhealthy effect on young women. Media’s example of perfection has beenRead MoreMoney Makes The World Go Round1532 Words   |  7 Pagesfrankly, I believe it to the outmost extent. People are not going to resort back to trading commodities. This country has gone through time periods of different influences like wars and industrialization, but perhaps the biggest of all time would be the era of The Media. We as consumers, provide the monetary power that provides that influence to the world. Most of the environment of almost every child 10 and above, growing up in the United States or any industrialized country, is the everyday use of

Film Review A Fond Kiss - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1104 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Art Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Film Review Essay Racial Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? Ae Fond Kiss Movie review by Ahed El-Najar Ae Fond Kiss is a romantic drama, directed by Ken Loach in 2004. The movie was filmed in Pollokshields, which is a district in the south side of Glasgow. Cross cultural romance, social difference and racial discrimination are three words which describe the theme of the movie very good. The movie opens with Casim’s sister Tahara, which is being chased around the school. Students are calling her bad names because of her cultural background. Tahara get so upset that she starts chasing the boys in anger. Casim follows her around the school, trying to control her. She chases them into a music classroom, where Roisin is the teacher. Tahara manages to break a guitar before she leaves. Here is where Casim meets Rosin for the first time. He feels a bit guilty for the guitar, so he buys a new one for her. He also offers her a ride home, because she lives on the other side of town. Both Casim and Roisin are presented as two very nice persons. They work different places and share a lot of interests. Casim is a DJ at a nightclub with his closest friend Hamid. Their plan is to save up money for their own club. Roisin is a music teacher at a Catholic school. She is a very good teacher, and the students seem to like her a lot, so does The headmaster . Their love for each other grows very fast. It doesn’t take a long time before their a couple. The only difference for them is their cultural background. Casim comes from a family with strong faith for the Muslim religion. His parents are planning a marriage between him and his first cousin named Jasmine. His father is also preparing for their family, so he enlarges their home. In the beginning his family thinks that Casim is ready for the marriage. But what really happens is that he goes out with Roisin. They have a secret relationship, and Roisin thinks that what they do is perfectly fine. There is nothing wrong with what they do. They are in love, so they stay together. But Casim’s faith is very strict. In his case, Casim is not allowed to go out with white girls. He has to get married with someone that his parents select for him. It is perfectly clear that this is a difficult situation, because every time Roisin asks to see Casim’s family he says no. He tells her that it is not inappropriate for her to meet them. She feels that this is bad, because she wants to see how his family is. Roisin does not have any family, her parents died when she was young. Casim does not care very much about this, even though you can see fear in his eyes. He is afraid to tell his family about his relationship with Roisin. His girlfriend does not know about how difficult it is for him. All along his family is arranging the marriage, and Casim does not tell this to Roisin. He even tells her to knock down when they drive at places where his family work or live, because he is afraid to be seen with her. In the theory Casim is going to marr y someone he does not want to marry. But his secret gets revealed to Roisin when they are in Spain on holiday. He tells her that he has not spoken with his family about his situation, and that his family expects him to marry Jasmine. When Roisin hear this, she got sad and angry. Casim got very upset as well, and told Roisin that he was sorry. But it does not help in the beginning. But when Casim tells Roisin that he does not want to marry Jasmine, and that he is going to talk with his parents, her mood gets better. As the time goes on their relationship is still a secret for casim’s parents and family. Even though he promised to talk with his parents, he chooses not to do so. So the relationship between the two becomes weaker and weaker. They argue a lot, and they are very unsure on what to do. But things get even worse for the couple. Roisin gets an offer which includes her, a full time job at the Catholic school. But she has to ask the parish priest for permission. He does not accept because she has sex outside the marriage. He is even rasist and dislike Muslims, because he asks her what kind of man she had sex with â€Å"is he a kind of muhammedman†. The headmaster at the school does not care about this in the beginning, but he has to fire her unwillingly. If he wouldn’t fire her, he would be in a lot of trouble. This means that Roisin has to get a new job at a school which is not Catholic. When things couldn’t possibly be any worse, other people get affected by their love. Casim’s older sister Rukhsana is supposed to marry someone she love, but he does not want her. That is all because of Casim’s dirty actions toward their faith. To top it all, Casim tell his parents how he feel. He tells them that Roisin is his true love, and that he will stay with her forever. His parents get very upset, and his father tries to make him leave her. But Casim made up his mind; he chooses to stay with his beloved Roisin. I liked the movie pretty much. The plot and acting was very successful, and the theme was very strong and sad in one way. The ending was both great and sad, some kind of happy ending when they meet again in the end. Casim and Roisin finds each other with the power of love, but Casim’s family get ruined in one way. I also liked the music chose for the movie. The songs Ae fond kiss and strange fruit are two songs which shows great parallels to the movie itself. I did understand the movie pretty well as well, because I am a Muslim and know how the situation is. Though I am happy my parent’s faith for the Muslim Religion is not that strong, that differs between people. This review should had been sent to you for long time ago, but the day I fall in the motorcycle accident was the date for this review, I totally forgotten about it, perhaps my mind got a bit broken by the accident . I apologize . Yours Ahed Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Film Review: A Fond Kiss" essay for you Create order

Situational Conditioning And Classical Conditioning

In the world today, psychology plays a huge role. There are many psychological factors people use on a day to day basis. Many factors such as the way people act, talk, think, and go about their day have some form of psychological conditioning or theory. However, people are unaware of the factors they put in on a day to day basis. Psychologists have made it so that people can fully comprehend these theories. This paper will show how everyday scenarios in the educational field can be broken down and analyzed through behaviorism, the different types of conditionings, and how people learn from them. Behaviorism is â€Å"primarily concerned with observable behavior, as opposed to internal events like thinking and emotion† (McLeod, S.A, 2013). That is to say, people learn by what they see and not necessarily how they feel. There are different types of behavioral conditioning. There is operant conditioning and classical conditioning. Classical conditioning â€Å"basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response† (Cherry K.A 2005). There are two stimuli involved: unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus. Unconditioned stimulus is where â€Å"there is no learning involved in connecting the stimulus† ( Huitt, W., Hummel, J. 1997). In other words, the stimulus is a form of a person’s body responding naturally. Conditioned stimulus is when learning is used to associate an object with a stimulus. There is also the neutral stimulus which doesn’tShow MoreRelatedAnalytical Study on the Employee Issues in an MNC1756 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions. But this theory is also fail because effectiveness of leaders behaviour depends on many factors like subordinates nature and the situation which is not described in this theory. Situational Theory According to this theory, a leaders effectiveness will be measured by the leaders behaviour and situational factors. Leaders behaviour includes the characteristics and hierarchical position of leader. According to A.G. Jago and Victor H. Vroom, (1977) the degree of leaders participation affectsRead MoreAnalysis Of Herbert Blumer s Social Movement1738 Words   |  7 Pagesexhibit psychological phenomenon present in the behavioral perspective, in regards to classical and operant conditioning, and the social cultural perspective, in regards to conformity and group influence. In regards to the Behavioral perspective of psychology, behavior is seen as learning by association, particularly through classical conditioning and operant conditioning (Alexanderson, 2016). Classical conditioning is the pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus in order toRead MoreInsight Into Criminal Behavior Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagesbiological make-up such as heredity, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and brain abnormalities as major components in criminal behavior. Each approach consists of different methods of control, expression of behavior, and influences on criminal behavior. Situational and environmental factors provide setting and opportunity for crime to occur. Cultural forces help us analyze the context for occurring crimes. Phenomenological determines the personal meaning that a crime holds for the offender. Different researchersRead MoreWhy Learning Theories Are Relative And How They Affect Behavior Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily proposed by Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Skinner and Hull (Knowles, Swanson, Holton, 2012). This theory of learning is otherwise known as behaviorism. This theory of learning is based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning as a result of our interaction with the environment. The behaviorist assumption is that incoming stimuli from the environment shapes the individuals behavior and as a consequence, teaches them to learn. A common statement about behaviorism is thatRead MoreMajor Principles of Behaviorist and Neo-Behaviorist Theories2412 Words   |  10 Pagesdiscipline of learning. Disregarding the specific phases in behaviorism and neo-behaviorism, the paper will synthesize the literary findings of major theories. Two theories that are based on behaviorist perspective of learning i.e. classical conditioning and operant conditioning theory will be discussed along with one neo-behaviorist perspective theory. After presenting underlying principles of each of the three theories, the work of major contributors of these theories will be highlighted. Followed byRead MoreUnderstanding And Supporting Behaviour1726 Words   |  7 PagesProtection Act 1998 the name of the older adult involved in the care has been changed to Client X. Why challenging behaviour occurs can be explored and explained through many different avenues such as through the use of psychological theories and situational factors that can effect behaviour. A class discussion found a definition of challenging behaviour to be ‘Difficulty breaking though to or working with an individual/group with behaviour that is challenging for you personally to deal with regardlessRead MoreLiving with the Extreme Fear Created by Anxiety Disorders Essay3389 Words   |  14 Pagesenvironment, blood-injection-injury, and situational (Burstein et al. 1073). Animal phobias include fear of specific animals, like fear of rats, fear of spiders, and fear of dogs. Natural environment phobias involve fear of heights, fear of water, fear of the dark, fear of storms, and many others. Blood-injection-injury phobias include fear of injury, fear of blood, fear of needles, and other medical procedures. On the other hand, examples of situational phobias – fears triggered by specific situationsRead MorePsychology and Impact Personality Development1997 Words   |  8 Pages1. Define personality. 2. Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development. 3. Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development. 4. Describe the major dispositional theories of personality. 5. Describe the major process theories of personality. 6. Evaluate the major personality theories. 7. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability. Define personality. Personality Read MorePsychology and Impact Personality Development2008 Words   |  9 Pages1. Define personality. 2. Analyze how biological, situational and mental processes impact personality development. 3. Discuss social and cultural contributions to personality development. 4. Describe the major dispositional theories of personality. 5. Describe the major process theories of personality. 6. Evaluate the major personality theories. 7. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used personality assessment techniques, validity, reliability. Define personality. Personality *Read MoreOrganizational Behavior7738 Words   |  31 PagesDisciplines to the OB Field (cont’d) Anthropology The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d) E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d) There Are Few Absolutes in OB Contingency variables: It Depends!!! Situational factors that make the main relationship between two variables change---e.g., the relationship may hold for one condition but not another. In Country 1 x In Country 2 x May be related to May NOT be related to y y There are few absolutes in

AIDS Impacts Escalate From Families to the World Free Essays

The world always poses innumerable threats to humankind’s health and well being. Famine, flood, earthquakes, war, terrorism, epidemics and natural disasters riddle our lives with tragedy. One of the most terrifying of these killers remains silent and unseen even though it may lurk beneath the very skin of those individuals you cherish most. We will write a custom essay sample on AIDS: Impacts Escalate From Families to the World or any similar topic only for you Order Now This terrifying phenomenon has traveled throughout the world and has settled into even the most prosperous nations. Medical advancements, educational programs and government policies have not had success in subduing the spread of this biological executioner. For over three decades, the AIDS virus has run rampant across the globe. As time goes on we see more infections and fewer solutions to the ongoing problems this virus leaves in its wake. The AIDS virus has caused a great deal of substantial and devastating impacts worldwide. To better understand those impacts, a review of the virus and its capabilities will reveal just what a powerful infection this microorganism causes. At first, the AIDS virus appears harmless. It does not bring about immediate impending death or even directly harsh and noticeable symptoms. Unlike that of the dreaded avian bird flu virus which killed several people in Asia with in a matter of days, the AIDS virus can afflict a body for over a decade before death ensues. This happens as a result of the immune deficiency that AIDS causes in a body. The virus itself would not bring about mortality, but for the fact that hampers its host’s immune system, leaving the person susceptible to contracting other illnesses and disease. Chronic illnesses can last for years, can reoccur constantly, and finally can destroy the AIDS afflicted individual once their immune system has broken down to the point of no survival. In this respect unlike other infections AIDS slowly kills its host, and during that slow period of transition can render a person completely incapacitated with other illnesses. This aspect of the disease has just as much impact on the world as the impending deaths that follow. The AIDS virus transmits itself through contact with body fluids. This means, blood, semen, saliva and other body fluids have the potential to infect others. Unprotected sexual intercourse has most often received the blame for transmission, or perhaps most often gets popular media coverage. Similarly, AIDS transmission also occurs like wildfire among drug users who contract the virus using contaminated hypodermic needles. Sadly enough, cases in which a mistaken blood transfusion held the virus has also caused infection. AIDS also passes from mother to unborn child. So if the mother incurs the infection prior to giving birth, her child will likely have HIV as well. Unfortunately the threat of contracting AIDS increasingly impacts the world as lack of funding and education lead to misinformed populations. While there exist medical treatments for individuals afflicted with AIDS, the treatments only subdue the symptoms of the virus for a time rather than eradicate the illness completely. The medical world has had considerable trouble controlling the AIDS virus and formulating a vaccine for it because of, â€Å"the ability of a virus to change its genetic structure, which, in turn, changes the very proteins in the envelope that would be targeted by a vaccine. Exactly why some viruses shift so drastically and the AIDS virus seems to be able to change its colors as fast as the classic chameleon of the viral world, the flu virus — is unclear† (Langone 150). As the previous statement explains, the rapidly mutating virus makes it nearly impossible to replicate the correct variables for an effective antibody. This impacts the world leaving the medical field at a loss for answers and people at a loss for cures. More personally, the AIDS virus impacts families around the world. When men of the family incur the virus, they most likely will unknowingly transmit it to their wives as well. Men, who act as the predominant financial supporters of the household find their health and their ability to provide for their loved ones failing. When the patriarch cannot work and bring home finances the family may find itself sliding into poverty. Especially if healthcare providers learn of the man’s illness and refuses to pay the vastly incremental costs that the malady can accrue over time. So, as the men of families contract and struggle with the affliction, the rest of the family feels the impact and later as we shall see so does the rest of the world. Women feel just as much impact from the AIDS virus and possibly more. If their husbands have unknowingly contracted the virus, chances are that wives will then incur the infection from their spouses. In some cases women in this situation may conceive children which will also have the virus upon birth. Women feel a great impact from the AIDS virus since they act as the primary caregivers of the family. Time spent at home caring for an ailing husband leaves them unable to find financially productive jobs in the community (â€Å"On the Socioeconomic Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic†). Mothers afflicted by the AIDS virus will eventually fade like their husbands, and in doing so leave their unaffected children as orphans. The impact of AIDS in this regard has a devastating impact on the individual families as well as the world. Similarly, as mentioned above, children can feel the most severe impact of AIDS in their lives. As parents weaken and families fall deeper into poverty, children find themselves without care givers and the basic needs for food, shelter and safety go unfulfilled. If the children have contracted AIDS from their parents upon birth, they too face the impending doom as the virus ravages their immune system. Over all the effect on children can be seen as, â€Å"AIDS is decimating entire generations of productive young adults, while leaving behind a huge cohort of children without parents and adequate community support, vulnerable to exploitation and lacking education and livelihood opportunities† (â€Å"On the Socioeconomic Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic†). This impact of AIDS on children has impounding world wide impacts as will later be discussed. Lastly, elders in the family who have not contracted the AIDS virus also feel the impact as the affliction ravages younger family members. Grandparents must often take in their orphaned grandchildren. If the elders have lost their health and capabilities, they often depend on the help and financial support of their children. With AIDS destroying their offspring, it also destroys their caregivers and financial support for health and medical needs as well. In this respect, AIDS impacts both ends of the age spectrum, both the very young and the elderly. All of these familial impacts have been felt by humans worldwide. In relation, we have seen how the AIDS virus tears apart families and impacts all persons of the family. These impacts further compound from individual families, eventually reaching out and affecting entire populations. The mortality rates of AIDS affect areas obviously increase. As both young children and adults die from their AIDS induced illnesses. Also, the average life expectancy of individuals drops drastically in these populations, due to the fact that AIDS transmission most often occurs in children and young adults. As stated by the article, On the Socioeconomic Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic, â€Å"AIDS kills people mostly in the 15-49 year age group.† This age range of incurred infection leads to a drop in years of life as younger people die of the virus well before the normal projection of life expectancy. For example, â€Å"By 2005-2010, average life expectancy at birth in the 11 worst affected countries is projected to decrease to 44 years. instead of rising to 61 years as projected in the absence of the disease† (â€Å"On the Socioeconomic Impact of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic†).   Lastly, due to the fact that AIDS affects persons in their reproductive years, a decrease in child bearing ensues, leading to population decline in afflicted nations around the world. Over all the AIDS virus has caused a great deal of substantial and devastating impacts worldwide. Men, who act as the financial backbone of the families fall ill and can no longer provide for their families needs. The women often spend time caring for their ailing husbands rather than obtaining jobs for needed income. The women and children can also unknowingly incur infection from the men of the family. Children and elders who are not affected find themselves without care givers and financial supporters. All of this adds up to leave nations around the world with increased mortality rates, lower life expectancy rates and fewer birthrates. Also of importance to note are the economic impacts felt around the world as labor force declines the individuals affected can no longer work. Families as well as nations slide into poverty when they cannot produce the food or materials needed due to lack of human resources. How to cite AIDS: Impacts Escalate From Families to the World, Papers

Sources of Law free essay sample

Explain the different sources of Law in England. The legal system in the UK has expanded over many centuries and has also changed regularly during this period. The present UK law consists of four major sources that include the Interpretation of Statues (Acts of Parliament), Common Law, European law and European Court of Human Rights. ‘These sources of Law have all one common element, influenced by political, social and technological change. ’ (Open University, Block 1, Pg 89). This essay will focus on two sources of law, Statue Law and Common Law Statue Law is made by Parliament, i. . the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Monarch. Proposals for legislation Bills are presented to debate by and voted upon by the House of Common and the House of Lords, finally receiving the assent of the Monarch and thus becoming Acts (Statutes) of Parliament. ‘Acts of Parliament can originate from a number of sources; for example a national emergency, crisis or developmen t. ’ The Anti Terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001. This Act was introduced after the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington on 11th September 2001’. Another source may derive from ‘Private Member’s Bill’ members of parliament have the authority to introduce their own legislations, an example being ‘The Marriage Act 1994’ this legislation allows people to marry in any registered place other than a Registry Office or religious building’. (Open University, Block 1, Pg 96 and 98). Parliament also has the authority to delegate the task of making laws to someone else this is referred to as ‘delegated legislation’ an example of delegated legislation ‘Byelaws’. Byelaws can be created by councils/local authorities where there is no ‘general legislation’ in place, a typical ‘byelaw’ would be the Greater London Authority Act 1999, section 385(1) this ‘byelaw’ was created to secure the proper management and preservation of Trafalgar Square and Parliament Square Garden (Open University, Block 1, Pg 114,116). Moving on, to look at Common law, Common law is a type of legal system that relies on precedents developed by judges and court cases. The most important concept of a common law system is that cases that are considered to be similar in circumstance to prior cases should result in the same ruling by the court. It is sometimes referred to as case law because it is built upon the results of individual cases. Judges use various rules to interpret legislation, the literal rule, the golden rule, the mischief rule and the purposive approach, looking closely at; the literal rule – as it suggests means that the judge will interpret the words of the Act literally, even if the outcome is unjustified or immoral. The literal rule has been used in numerous cases, such as  Fisher v Bell  [1960] 3 All ER 731. (Open University, Block 1, Pg 181). The golden rule is in effect an alteration of the literal rule. Like the literal rule, they follow the meaning of the words in the Act literally, the golden rule corrects what the judge believes to be an absurd result as in the case of Adler v George [1964] 1 All ER 628. (Open University, Block 1, Pg 182) Advantages/Disadvantages Statue Law/Common Law. Statute law has both advantages and disadvantages; one advantage is the thought that Parliament are more in touch with the outside law than judges. This means that a public opinion is taken into account. Another is that Parliament is free to make law points straight away, rather than waiting for a case to come along. This way, Parliament helps to fill in the gaps of case and common law. 2) Discuss the operation of precendent. The operation of precedent is where the past decisions of the judges create law for future judges to follow. This system relies on the hierarchy of the courts. Every court is bound to follow any decision made by a court higher in the hierarchy and in general appellate courts are bound to follow their own decisions. At the top of the hierarchy is the European Court of Justice, this court only has jurisdiction over some areas of the law such as European law. One main feature of the European Court of Justice is that it will overrule its own decisions if it feels necessary a decision made by the European Court of Justice is binding over all courts in England and Wales. The next court in the hierarchy is The House of Lords which is the most senior court in England and Wales. The House of Lords is not bound by its own decisions, but it will generally follow them. All courts in England and Wales are bound by the House of Lords decision. Following the House of Lords is the Court of Appeal, of which there are two divisions: criminal and civil. The two divisions must follow the decisions made by the House of Lords and the European Court of Justice; they must also follow their own decisions although there are limited exceptions to this rule. Below the Court of Appeal are the divisional courts (Queens Bench Division, Chancery Division and Family Division). The divisional courts have to follow their own decisions but again there are a few exceptions. Below the divisional courts are the High Court. The High Court has to follow all precedents of the higher courts and it binds the lower courts, it does not have to follow decisions but I generally does so. Judicial precedent refers to the source of common law where past decisions of judges create law for future judges t follow. This source is a major source of law both historically and today. The English system of precedent is based upon the Latin phrase; maxim stare decisis et non quieta movere (usually just stare decisis). This translated means; stand by what has been decided and do not unsettle the established. This supports the idea of fairness and certainty in the law. The basic idea is that the higher courts bind the lower courts. The European Court of Justice bounds all English courts and is not bound by its own past decisions. The House Of Lords is binding on all other courts and is bound by all its past decisions, this was true until 1966 when the practice statement was introduced allowing the court not to be bound by its own past decisions if it seas necessary. So previous decisions normally are normally binding unless it appears right not to in a particular case, few cases use the practice statement, as there is a need for certainty. An example of this is the cases of British Railways Board v Herrington (1972), followed by R v R (1991) and Hall v Simons (2000). dvantages and Disadvantages of Statute Law Advantages Parliaments are elected because they have policies people want. Therefore, their laws are likely to be closer to what people want. A Judge might not be in touch with the ideas of ordinary people. Parliament is elected, and it could be said, has the right to make laws. A Judicial Precedent is normally only about one point – an Act of Parliament covers a whole range of things and is therefore more thorough. Disadvantages Acts of Parliament often use difficult language and a lot of time in a case can be spent arguing about what they mean. It takes a long tome to pass an Act of Parliament – the process is slow Advantages and disadvantages of judicial precedent Advantages Because of the hierarchy of courts, it is easier for lawyers to be aware of Precedents and can advise their clients before the go to court. There are opportunities for the law to grow and change. Precedents mean that there is incredible detail in the law (about half a million reported cases). Having examples from before means that it makes it easier to make a good decision. Disadvantages Some courts, particularly the House of Lords is unwilling to overrule old decisions, even when most Law Lords think they are wrong. . The law is slow to change, because it only changes in response to cases coming up

Opportunity free essay sample

Why do I have every opportunity open to me, when others have nothing? What have I done to deserve a life like this? The white vans were loaded up as we said our last goodbyes to family and friends. â€Å"Have fun, and remember why you’re going,† My father said to me with his face swollen with pride. Caravanning up a 6,684 ft summit to our new home (for the next week) would be a troublesome task. But when given the drive to help others, that climb seemed like nothing. Clintwood, Virginia was our destination. The youth of St. Charles were sent there to help those that were economically troubled with houses that seemed to be ruins. The group I worked with and lead was charged with a simple task: building hand railings. We soon found this task needed a (bit more) thought. Digging two, foot and a half post holes down into concrete (on the hottest day recorded) was a low blow to our highly enthused group. We will write a custom essay sample on Opportunity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The concept of teamwork was apparent to me, but it was drilled home that day. Hours passed and the sun did not let up, not even one cloud was visible in the sky the entire day. Taking turns every ten minutes was our solution to getting the job done. Overcoming this task took team work and faith. I had to let others help me as I needed to help the rest of my team to get the railings built. The best week of my life was over in a heartbeat. We had successfully completed the task at hand for an elderly woman and had time to finish a few small projects that she had not yet finished. Helping this community was key for them to keep going every day. I relieved that we didn’t solve their economic troubles but we did let them know that people do care about them. Doing the little things in life can make all the difference. I have participated in mission work and community service as I have grown in my faith. And through each experience, I have learned team work is the key to success. N ot only have I been to the poorest areas of the Appalachian Mountains in Clintwood, Virginia, but also the reservations of South Dakota to help the needy. On the long drive home, reflecting on the week and watching as the pristine Mountains passed. I understood why I was blessed with a life of opportunity. My life of opportunity was meant to be used to help less fortunate. I plan to keep helping those less fortunate then myself through more trips and other charity work as I lead and encourage my classmates to do the same.